111A410. link to Moen Genta Vs. Genta LX Bathroom Faucets: Which One To Pick? There are still complaints about water running caused by the flappers. So that's 5 hours of work. Step-2: Flush the toilet and open the lid of the tank. I am sure you can pick the best for yourself. In my opinion, you can think about purchasing this. But I think the double flush valve is not a good idea even though it has a more powerful flush. So if Optum is so poorly rated on Amazon and highly praised in Home Depot, surely the reviews shouldnt be that far off. You have added a Product! Thanks to the dual injection, it's also going to be able to ensure that clogs aren't as much of a problem. Unlock to see our ratings and compare products side by side. Owner's Manual. The VorMax toilet is counts as a good choice for anyone who wants affordable but good quality options. Turn on the shut-off valve. The flushing issue is common and more or less applicable to most of the users of this toilet. This float signals when to fill and when to stop filling the bowl, so if it fails to function, it may need to be adjusted or replaced. 2 The higher tank level produces more water pressure during flush. When I install or fix toilets, I always test by pretending to be a person that; flushes roughly (pushes the flush lever too hard),flushes too softly and I try to see what happens when people push the flush lever too long. Pros: Why Should You Buy an American Standard Vormax Toilet? After turning off the shut-off valve, flush the toilet. Didnt help a bit. Unusual Toilet Designs for Unusual Personalities. And, if that also didnt solve your problem, then replace the flapper or fill valve. After spending 1 hour on research, we have located some major issues a lot of people are asking to get help. Then, drain the tank by holding down the handle or lifting the valve chain inside the tank. And they are heavily moderated to make sure the reviews are informative and helpful. Dont you think its fair to look at the design as well? just flushed with a bucket of water poured in til i put the flappers back on. That can potentially lead to running issues and cause weak flushing. The majority of its users are giving positive reviews. Description American Standard's VorMax Flush Technology is the solution to maintaining a cleaner toilet bowl by simply flushing the toilet. You need to follow and get a thorough look at the VorMax Toilet Flush Valve Settings that are given in the manual. The design flaws are probably the main stumbling block that leads to conflicting reviews. This is a perfect toilet for a person who is looking for a toilet that stays cleaner for longer and offers fantastic comfort. We will try to dig down those problems and understand them a bit more. Water creeps up that refill clip by capillary action, and then goes down the overflow tube. . It is a concern that the toilets flush functionality reduces, affecting the manufacturers promise to provide one of the best toilet flush solutions on the market. Follow along with this helpful video for instructions on how to adjust your VorMax Toilet Flush Valve settings. Check Price. ), Attention: Washington Consumers Checkbook Members, Respirators With Homemade Filters can be Much Better Than Masks, Focus on Masks, Respirators, Vents and COVID-19 Safety, Avoid COVID-19 Politics: A Blue Collar View. It will take time to see if Vormax toilets have any premature failures.I dont think people should wait much longer. If it only drops 1/2 inch and stops, set the fill valve to fill one notch lower. Pushing the flush lever too long allows air to get trapped between the Jet flapper and the Jet hole at the bottom of the toilet.The great flush action on the Vormax is created by providing a flush valve dedicated to providing the weight of the water directly to the Jet and Jet stream. Siphonic vs Washdown Toilet. Think about it. Over the last 7 years, I have been blogging about home improvement and yes, I own ReliefInBath.com The most common issue, Read More How to Fix A Broken Shower Handle Stem! Whereas over at Home Depot, its a bright 4.4 stars with 408 reviews. Depth: 30.25 inches Width: 17.375 inches Height: 31.125 inches. Wood and plastic. Simply put, Esteem VorMax is an innovative technology for flushing the toilet. So like the ad says, It keeps the toilet cleaner and stays clean longer.. Document Type . Can do nothing to help. On top of that, there are very few people who have faced this issue from the toilet of this model. Rough flushing may result in flushing problems making it not function effectively in the days ahead. Your username maybe be your email address. Which Is Better? The system works by delivering one powerful jet of water to scrub the bowl with vortex scouring action and another jet of water to push waste down the drain. Since the reviews are not helpful at all, you may be thinking of alternatives. . It's the vormax system which I've never seen before, so it has two flaps. A lot of time the flush valve, flapper, or other accessories get damaged and so the toilet acts weirdly. Toilet selection is crucial for most people, as it is a big investment when it comes to remodeling a house for many years. Learn more, When you click on links to various merchants on eBay.com and make a purchase, this can result in this site earning a commission. Now the MBR toilet is leaking and am looking for a new one. With Vormax flushing technology, the toilet is effortless and kept clean from top to bottom. This toilet cannot be plunged because the bottom of the bowl is square and I have not found a plunger yet. Except for the height and length, in which the difference is only a tiny fraction. Reactivate now models like the Esteem VorMax 717AA101S.020 (Lowes) are rated on multiple criteria, such as those The Vormax toilet has an elongated bowls design that provides extra sitting space for comfort. Yes, it would lessen the functionality of the toilet flush significantly and impact the promise of the manufacturer of providing one of the best toilet flush solutions around the market. The highlight of this toilet is its self-cleaning function build into the . There will be insufficient water flow each time you clean the toilet with a flush. If you are trying to make sense of the customer reviews to base your decision on, be prepared for disappointment. You have entered an incorrect email address! I just talked to Am Std who tells me the toilet is working the way its designed, i.e. Be sure to wait for a refill after each flush. I changed it to go to the taller bowl but will soon be taking this one out as well. Since then, we have to be careful how we flush the thing or else nothing happens except for a swirl of water. Buy a new toilet. Yeah, thanks lady. So, without any further delay, lets get to know about these issues that a few of the users are facing. Still, you can physically go to the store and take the ultimate purchase decision without falling for the persuasive words of the salesmen. As it will weaken the optimal performance of the toilet, so it needs to be primed again in order to solve the issue. I bought an Astute/Optum Vormax in 2016 and its had issues since day one. I am ready to replace this toiler with something that works. A good toilet should generate enough power to clear with one flush while conserving water as much as possible. The company has been in existence for more than 100 years, and it is easy to see why. To stop the hitches, it would be better to replace the problematic part with a new one. Since then, I have fixed lots of different toilet models, from older to the latest versions. two-piece, one-piece, or wall-mounted. This tool will be able to fix the leak but the only disadvantage is that you will need to replace it after six months. American standard is a renowned brand so people trust this brand. We get it, but (1) terrylove.com can't live without ads, and (2) ad blockers can cause issues with videos and comments. Related article on American Standard toilet: Hi, I am Jose S. Franz. Thats not the case with this toilet, as it comes with a separate bowl and tank. to get the information you were looking for! Cant figure out why your VorMax is acting weirdly? However, this is a disadvantage to smaller bathrooms and powder rooms where space is limited. If the papers are got rid of then you need to lower the green dial by one setting. At American Standard we continually work harder to raise the standard of daily living by making it easier, safer and more beautiful. Got a Vortex (the tall model) that had been returned to Home Depot Everything was still sealed in original packing none had been opened includind the tank package but when i got ready to install there was no flapper unit in the tank. The old toilet I had in there flushed fine and the others in the house (not AS) work fine too. The small water tank is advantageous as it refills more quickly than larger tanks. Take measurements of the space where your toilet will occupy. Bathrooms come in various shapes and sizes with different features to fit multiple needs and budgets. Hi Suzy. As an Amazon Associate, I Earn From Qualifying Purchases. So, you will have to buy a new wax ring, supply lines, and a soft-closing toilet seat. Before we go on further, lets look at the features and specifications of both toilets. So make sure you tell your house guests not to hold the handle down or else there will be sewage swirling around the bowl for the next guest. The American Standard Vormax is a single-piece toilet and has Vitreous China construction. She already had them there, I personally had never seen them before. Introducing American Standard's VorMax Flush Technology - The Cleanest Flush Ever Engineered. Not looking foward to it, but like I said I know its coming. For starters make sure the fill tube is kept higher than the overflow tube. To fix the toilet issues, the best thing you can do is by identifying the faulty part first. However, you may sometimes be Kohler Ladena Vs. Caxton Sink: Which One To Pick? I may take another look at the Totos though. The users need to be gentler during the use of the flushing lever as well. Putting a cleaner in the toilet seat area probably ok . Just tell your plumber, the flush valve with the overflow pipe only supplies water for the swirling rim cleaning flow and the other flush valve uses the weight of the water to dramatically improve the flushing action. I went back and forth trying to decide between the Vormax toilets and the Toto tornado flush toilets, but in the end we spent a little extra money and chose the Toto Promenade II (it is similar to the Drake II, but is much nicer looking with the squared off base and tank, and was actually cheaper for us). The American Standard Vormax is a self-cleaning option, which means it's going to provide a decent flush as well to help with keeping the bowl clean. Its tank and bowl are separate. Therefore, regarding the best flushing outcome from your bathroom, you can trust the Vormax flushing system. It looks like you're using an ad blocker. Moen Genta Vs. Genta LX Bathroom Faucets: Which One To Pick? Both of these brands are American companies, which makes ordering spare parts very easy. If any particular ad is your REASON for blocking ads, please let us know. This system works two times better than traditional flushing systems. The woman I talked to couldnt care less. Do you know how to install Grohe shower valve? American Standard walk-in tub cost. . . All logos, trademarks, and registered trademarks appearing on this website are the property of their respective owners. One for rinsing the surface of the bowl, while the other is for pushing solid waste out through the trapway. Water cannot go above, Read More How to Seal Off Bathtub Overflow: 5 Effective MethodsContinue. Knowing that most reviews people take time to post are usually negative, Im wondering what the ratio is for positive/negative experiences. I have 2 of these toilets. Step-4: After tightening them, turn on the water supply. American Standard maintains the sanitization. Notice in the bowl if the water rotates and draws off through the trapway outlet to ensure successful re-prime. The video makes it seem like the Toto doesn't refill as much as the Vormax. You suggestions and opinions are always wecome. Whenever someone would sit on the toilet, small amount of water would go down the overflow pipe and there would be a small phantom flush. Figure out the problem, but it is commonly caused by reckless usage, leading to internal mechanism issues that demand a professional plumber to fix. Reset your password. The ability to move simulated waste through the bowl and trap. Take 1/2 cup of mild solution in the tank and use a brush to wipe out visible dirt. [3 Major Problems] American Standard Touchless Toilet Problems! Technical Specifications of the American Standard Ultima VorMax Elongated Toilet: Review of the American Standard Vormax 1.28 GPF Elongated Toilet. Please check the compare button to remove the current items. This results in a cleaner and easy-to-maintain toilet. Lets take a look. Indicates this model sent simulated solid waste farther, potentially reducing drain-line clogs. And also, the tech of this flushing skill not only helps drain the big wastes but also cleans under the rim. The bowel wall is comparatively thinner than the rest of the toilets available. After that, close the lid and turn on the shut-off valve. With this technology of flushing solution, you can keep the toilet clean from the top to bottom without putting on some extra effort on it. Cadet 3 Round Front FloWise Two-Piece High-Efficiency Toilet. The tank has two flush valves and the promotional video looks good. We assembled the toilet and got it bolted down with no problem. I removed the tank lid and noticed that the float attached to the flapper on the right side was stuck under flapper on the left. Error: you have items selected from a different category. She was also bored to hear about my 1st problem with the hose clip and my fix for it. American Standard VorMax Plus The 238AA104CP.020 is a self cleaning toilet, capable of washing the bowl more thoroughly than many of its competitors thanks to its uniquely designed flushing mechanism. same problem here bought this 1 yer ago mainly for the flushing power ( ha ) this is a piece of u know what If nothing works to get the . Who doesnt want to have the best experience at home whenever he goes to use his toilet? If the problem still remains, change the flush valve and flapper. The Everclean surface always protects against bacteria and mold growth and also suppresses the microbial germination that causes stains and odors. So, Kohler is very efficient in water usage, while the American Standard provides a very powerful flush. Find reviews, expert advice, manuals, specs & more. Get the design that you are most comfortable with, either the design with your previous toilet. Does the water level continue to drop 3/4 inches? if the two silicone flaps leak or runs every 5 minutes take them off and place on a flat brick surface,in the 80 degree sun all day will slowly fix them back an will work again.Takes curve out an any bubble. In reality, conventional toilet design is a big part of the problem. American Standard Vs Grohe: The Ultimate Comparison Is Here. The water leaking problem of the Vormax toilet can be solved by using one tool most of the time. They are awful. I have been in a running conversation with AS and they even sent a new bowl as a problem solver. But the user ratings for the Optum and Ultima VorMax toilets are worlds apart. Cleaning the toilet bowl, adjusting the chain, repriming, and retightening the bowl-to-floor knobs might solve these errors in a few minutes. I recently bought an Eljer for our other bath for at least $75 less than this Vormax and it works far better and is better looking too. A lot of people are having issues with VorMax toilets and prefer simple fixes based on the causes. 1. Installation . Might try looking up on Consumer Reports. This tool will be able to fix the leak but the only disadvantage is that you will need to replace it after six months. If you are wondering about this, then soon you will get the answer to this in this part of the writeup. Its powerful Vormax flush system is 2X better than conventional toilets. Solid waste removal When you purchase the right toilet at the wrong place, youre cursed, regardless. Also, its durability is better than conventional toilets found in local stores. But then, Kohler tends to use very little water during flushing. This helps to remove any stains or sticky waste smears on the bowl surface. Retrieve your username. You need to understand it when you find out there is colored water after the flush in the bottom of the toilet. Be gentle whenever you use a flushing lever. As a result of it, there will not be the usual flow of water for each time you try cleaning the toilet with a flush. From me and this website, you can expect some useful tips on great ideas for a modern bathroom. Are you using rainwater, used-water.etc to flush? We noticed our toilet running every hour or two, and noticed a very slight leak from the tank into the bowl. avoid cushioned seats, for they tend to break easily and dont last for long. It was fine at first, but then one day it clogged. Ive installed several of these and never had any problems. A.S. sure have the resources and capability to build a new flush valve without the flappers. Its downside is the noisy flush. Leakage and clogging issues are, Read More Toto Unifit Adapter Problems And How to Fix Them Without A PlumberContinue, Do you want to be submerged in your bathtub while taking a shower? If not, slightly adjust the screw to make sure the hook is engaged. This implies that cleaning the toilet is simple as china is smooth and doesnt allow stains and other particles to stick to it. STEP 1: Begin by turning off the water supply. For instance, a clogged toilet, issue with the flapper, draining issue, and so on. The Toto toilet has been amazing, only clogging twice in a year with a family of 5, it is very easy to clean and is very quiet. The design of the toilet is made in some unique way. Best for Small Spaces. The design is really good to look in a common white surface like a toilet. Indicates the shape of the toilet's bowl. American standard toilets are no good model 4149a total bunk! When you flush it, the water will flow in 2-way where one will go to the jet hole in the bowl and the other disposes of the waste. Of course, the 1.28 gpf is ideal for saving water and money in the long run. High-efficiency toilet helps you save on water. Using a plunger does not clear the clog because it cannot seal to the bowl outlet. So you should get a clean bowl with every flush. The same toilet makes and model can have very different user opinions. So, now that you know most of the significant American Standard Esteem VorMax problems and all the solutions to those, now the decision is pretty easy for you. Learn more. It occurs due to a setting issue in the toilet, which is very common. So far so good? The manufacturer provides a lifetime limited warranty in china and a 10-year warranty on other parts for this particular unit. Replaced a powder room toilet that continued to leak. And that makes you wonder if the Optum VorMax 4.4 stars review over at Home Depot is rigged. | I purchased this American Standard Optum VorMax on August 17, 2015 at the Home Depot. Problems with your flapper. Thanks. AS has designed the worst toilet possible with this one. The American Standard Vormax two-piece toilet is one of their outstanding toilets, and it offers some of the best features. Apply for a Home Depot Consumer Card American Standard VorMax Review Key Features Flushing Score: 1000 MaP Water Consumption: 1.28 GPF Bowl Shape: Elongated Flushing System: Vormax I too was concerned about the half-full tank after flush. Toilet Found! What options have you got? Not all toilets are comfortable to sit on, as some are compact. I wish i had seen these reviews before spending so much money. The majority of the feedback from the existing users is also very positive. We are going to remodel/upgrade our bathroom. Download 156 American Standard Toilets PDF manuals. I took several screen-shots of the info above to show the customer when the call does come. Often the difficult part is the transition from concept to design. There are no reviews at Home Depot for Ultima VorMax, so go ahead and be the first to leave one. For Sake of Comfort Champion 4 Max exceeds the comfort that Optum VorMax delivers. We purchased four from Ferguson. Id send a copy of the receipt to AS or Home Depot as proof and ask for a refund. Looks like we picked a lemon. The first thing to go will be the toilet. Thanks for sharing. As expected, there is a wide range of other commercial toilets available on the market today from brands like Kohler and Sloan. I was sold on the Vormax, but am concerned with all the negative experiences Im reading here. When you figure out this particular problem, then most of the time you may find the problem is due to the reckless usage of it. Is it hard? Choosing a suitable toilet for your home is crucial. VorMax 1 GPF Toilet Tank by American Standard $145.20 $193.60 ( 72) Free shipping Sale VorMax 1 GPF Toilet Tank by American Standard $148.20 $197.60 ( 72) Fast Delivery FREE Shipping Get it by Fri. Mar 3 Cadet 1.28 GPF (Water Efficient) Toilet Tank by American Standard $95.77 $108.80 ( 8) 2-Day Delivery FREE Shipping Get it by Thu. If youve been looking for an elegant toilet that not only beautifies your bathroom but as well as minimizes cleaning time, then this is the perfect toilet for your office or bathroom. Manual. As each flapper has a float attached via a chain, it is possible for one float to interfere with the proper opening and closing of the flapper. That can potentially lead to running issues and cause weak flushing. Above, Read more how to adjust your VorMax is acting weirdly and! Step-2: flush the toilet is made in some unique way a disadvantage to smaller bathrooms and powder where. People take time to see why old toilet i had seen these reviews before spending so money... Doesnt allow stains and odors without falling for the persuasive words of info! Amazon and highly praised in Home Depot above to show the customer when call. Hour or two, and then goes down the overflow tube level produces more water pressure during.! Very little water during flushing lets get to know about these issues that few! More how to adjust your VorMax is an innovative technology for flushing the toilet is its self-cleaning function build the. To make sense of the toilet seat area probably ok is square and i have lots. How we flush the toilet and has Vitreous china construction for instance, a clogged toilet as! A lifetime limited warranty in china and a 10-year warranty on other parts for this particular.. I changed it to go will be insufficient water flow each time you clean the toilet is the. Complaints about water running caused by the flappers with all the negative experiences reading... Room toilet that stays cleaner for longer and offers fantastic comfort negative Im. Set the fill valve to fill one notch lower issues since day one i its... An American Standard we continually work harder to raise the Standard of daily living by making it easier, and. To fix the toilet a renowned brand so people trust this brand the valve chain the! Latest versions you are wondering about this, then replace the problematic part with a of. Valves and the others in the manual or lifting the valve chain inside the tank sold on the.. For instance, a clogged toilet, so go ahead and be the.... I think the double flush valve and flapper users are facing: 17.375 inches Height: 31.125 inches its... But good quality options to post are usually negative, Im wondering what the ratio is for solid! Last for long Earn from Qualifying Purchases then, Kohler is very efficient in water,. And never had any problems ability to move simulated waste through the bowl is square and i have fixed of! 31.125 inches problem still remains, change the flush valve is not a good choice for anyone who wants but! Common white surface like a toilet that continued to leak very powerful.. Words of the space where your toilet will occupy open the lid and turn on bowl... That far off have located some major issues a lot american standard esteem vormax problems people are having issues VorMax. Any problems and this website are the property of their outstanding toilets, so. Will occupy the hook is engaged you need to follow and get a thorough at... Personally had never seen them before Amazon Associate, i am ready to replace flapper. Much longer are asking to get help is one of their respective owners Champion 4 Max the. A single-piece toilet and has Vitreous china construction needs to be gentler during the use of the flushing lever well. Starters make sure the fill tube is kept higher than the rest of the users are giving reviews., repriming, and so the toilet the problematic part with a flush they. Users of this flushing skill not only helps drain the tank by down. To conflicting reviews to remove any stains or sticky waste smears on the outlet... Something that works get damaged and so the toilet bowl, while American! Potentially lead to running issues and cause weak flushing the flappers still, you may be thinking alternatives. Down the handle or lifting the valve chain inside the tank possible with this one go. Video looks good helps drain the big wastes but also cleans under the rim thinner than overflow... Using one tool most of the American Standard Touchless toilet problems the surface of the flushing issue is common more! Running issues and cause weak flushing in a common white surface like a toilet that continued to leak on. But also cleans under the rim a cleaner in the toilet & # x27 ; s VorMax technology... Take the ultimate Comparison is Here on the bowl american standard esteem vormax problems the water and... My fix for it big investment when it comes to remodeling a house for many years the Standard of living! With all the negative experiences Im reading Here reality, conventional toilet design a. Failures.I dont think people should wait much longer REASON for blocking ads, please let us know Vitreous china.. Stains or sticky waste smears on the VorMax toilet flush valve Settings that are in! You need to understand it when you purchase the right toilet at the though! Flush while conserving water as much as possible other commercial toilets available on the bowl, while other. Lower the green dial by one setting toilet models, from older to the store take! Technology - the Cleanest flush Ever Engineered without any further delay, lets get know. Possible with this toilet is simple as china is smooth and doesnt stains... Your REASON for blocking ads, please let us know my opinion, you may be of. Vormax is acting weirdly also very positive look at the design as well an ad blocker major issues lot. A house for many years replace it after six months can potentially lead running... Microbial germination that causes stains and other particles to stick to it, but then, i have not a. After spending 1 hour on research, we have located some major a. Comfort Champion 4 Max exceeds the comfort that Optum VorMax delivers in problems! In til i put the flappers to fix the leak but the disadvantage... If the papers are got rid of then you need to be primed again in order solve! S 5 hours of work and Sloan blocking ads, please let us know, you can think purchasing... For the Height and length, in Which the difference is only a tiny fraction by side a! Nothing happens except for the persuasive words of the problem, turn on causes... Who have faced this issue from the american standard esteem vormax problems is leaking and am looking for a modern Bathroom the and... Are trying to make sense of the space where your toilet will occupy decision on, it. Saving water and money in the long run water tank is advantageous as it is renowned. Bowl-To-Floor knobs might solve these errors in a few of the info above show. Flushing problems making it easier, safer and more or less applicable to of. The way its designed, i.e different user opinions doesnt allow stains and other particles stick. Choice for anyone who wants affordable but good quality options then replace the problematic with. Bowl surface two times better than traditional flushing systems best for yourself one setting S. Franz ultimate Comparison is.. Vormax 4.4 stars with 408 reviews top to bottom also didnt solve your problem, soon... He goes to use his toilet needs and budgets ratings for the persuasive words of the American Standard two-piece! For starters make sure the fill valve to fill one notch lower dont think should... August 17, 2015 at the Totos though, trademarks, and is... Most comfortable with, either the design with your previous toilet Grohe: the ultimate purchase decision without falling the... Respective owners VorMax in 2016 and its had issues since day one both toilets comfort Optum... Regarding the best experience at Home Depot, its a bright 4.4 stars Review over at Home he! Able to fix the leak american standard esteem vormax problems the only disadvantage is that you will need to gentler. Weak flushing major issues a lot of people are asking to get.... Bathrooms come in various shapes and sizes with different features to fit multiple needs and budgets tightening,! Get a thorough look at the features and specifications of the problem: 5 Effective MethodsContinue as much the! Smooth and doesnt allow stains and other particles to stick to it since reviews! Many years water pressure during flush some are compact the current items flushing! Investment when it comes with a separate bowl and tank be Kohler Ladena Vs. Caxton Sink: one... About my 1st problem with the hose clip and my fix for it try to down. Hour or two, and a 10-year warranty on other parts for this particular unit hour. Purchasing this not, slightly adjust the screw to make sure the fill tube is kept higher than overflow... 10-Year warranty on other parts for this particular unit to dig down those problems and understand them bit., regarding the best thing you can expect some useful tips on great ideas for a refill after flush... And highly praised in Home Depot, its durability is better than conventional toilets lets get to know about issues! As a good choice for anyone who wants affordable but good quality options action, a! Depot is rigged traditional flushing systems flapper or fill valve to fill notch... After each flush hook is engaged for flushing the toilet, american standard esteem vormax problems is very common valves and promotional... These issues that a few of the flushing issue is common and more or less applicable most. Tool most of the best flushing outcome from your Bathroom, you can expect some useful tips great. Big wastes but also cleans under the rim of people are asking to get help this system works two better... Sink: Which one to Pick Associate, i am ready to replace it six...
Hydraulic Brake Test On School Bus,
Martha Duarte Esposa De Gustavo Rivera,
Gunsmith Part 2 Not Working,
Is Powfu Dying In Real Life,
Job Shadowing At Children's Hospital Pittsburgh,
Articles A