Angelo chooses as his first, InThe Merchant of Venice, the path to marriage is hazardous. For example, the first recorded performance of Romeo and Juliet was not until 1662, yet it is known the play was . Snacks of bread, cheese, and cold food washed down with a cup of ale would have been taken any time in-between. Not yet king at the start of the play, Richard presents, Antony and Cleopatradramatizes a major event in world history: the founding of the Roman Empire. Brutuss forces are defeated in the second battle. Cheese was eaten at the end of the main courses, as were nuts, especially chestnuts, walnuts, and hazelnuts. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Once inside the Capitol, the conspirators gather around Caesar under the guise of pleading for the return of an exile. The wealthy were much more likely to have the time to eat a sit-down breakfast. Chaucers tale comes from, Family relationships are at the center ofHenry IV, Part 1. Brutus and Cassius each feel wronged by the other. William Shakespeare, in terms of his life and his body of work, is the most written-about author in the history of Western civilization. Shakespeare's plays can be roughly divided into three genrescomedies, histories, and tragediesthough some works, such as "The Tempest" and "The Winter's Tale," straddle the boundaries between these categories. World History Encyclopedia. These dramatic works encompass a wide range of subjects and styles, from the playful "A Midsummer Night's Dream" to the gloomy "Macbeth." Shakespeare's plays can be roughly divided into three . Honourable mentions: The Merry Wines of Windsor, Macbroth, Troilus and Micro-cressida, A Midsummer Nights Bream, As 'Nduja Like It, The Flambing of the Shrew. Asterisks indicate plays likely written by Shakespeare and other playwrights, though evidence has been disputed. The exact number of playsas well as their classifications as tragedy, history, comedy, or otherwiseis a matter of scholarly debate. Merry Wives of Windsor. Act III Scene 2. Khurana, Simran. The most commonly eaten vegetables were peas, beans, and lentils. Tempest. If you tickle us do we not laugh? Corrections? Ludicrous! she exclaims. He found a spectacle of violence and stories of traitors, InOthello, William Shakespeare creates powerful drama from a marriage between the exotic Moor Othello and the Venetian lady Desdemona that begins with elopement and mutual devotion and ends with jealous rage and death. The latter methods were a necessity because animals were often slaughtered before the onset of winter as feeding them in that season was difficult. Desdemona's love affair with the nutritious breakfast dish is cut short when Iago forgets to leave his pan in the sink to soak and blames the dried-on porridge on her. All of them. Who knew? He previously served as a theater studies lecturer at Stratford-upon Avon College in the United Kingdom. View images from the Folger collection, which includes copies of every play and poem from the earliest printings to modern interpretations. Meat was eaten so frequently & in such prodigious quantities amongst the rich that they frequently suffered complaints like kidney & bladder stones. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that some of Shakespeare's plays were collaborations. "To be, or not to be: that is the question.". His canon includes 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 epic narrative poems. Antony here worries about losing himself in his devotion to Cleopatra, noting how slavish love can destroy one's honor. For the rich, oranges, lemons, capers, and olives were imported from mainland Europe. Four young men (one of them a king) withdraw from the world for three years, taking an oath that they will have nothing to do with women. Break the ice - from The Taming of the Shrew, Act 1, scene 2, line 271. The rich ate so well and over so many courses that their servants at least benefitted from this bonanza as they got to eat the leftovers; anything still left over was then given to the poor. At special dinners, the guests could choose from a wide variety of meat dishes and even ask for a sample before making their decision. Brutus sends Messala to throw all Brutuss legions into the battle. Below are links to an assortment of recipes for Elizabethan fare. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. With Titinius and Messala they plot their military strategy. "It's not enough to speak, but to speak true.". Finally, spirits were made from distilled wine such as aqua vitae but these were largely used as a medicine, as was spiced wine. Learn more about Shakespeares language, life, and world. Visited by the conspirators, he agrees to join them but rejects their plan to kill Mark Antony as well as Caesar. My dinner guests ate with gusto, using the pan juices as gravy for the potatoes. This bit of simple wisdom, beloved to many throughout the ages, was spoken by the Countess of Roussillon to her son, as he sets out for court far away. The poorer classes would have just grabbed any leftovers from the night before or a chunk of bread and butter and been off to start their working day. In contrast, hutches ('pantries') were boxes with air-holes for keeping fresh food like cheeses. As World Book Day is upon us, we have compiled a list of the best for your delectation. Updates? There was a drinking cup which could be an ornate goblet, a simple glass beaker, a lidded tankard in pewter, a ceramic mug, or a 'black jack' - a leather mug stiffened with pitch. Junket, a type of jam, was popular and well liked, albeit not often used at common tables. Lucentios marriage to Bianca is prompted by his idealized love of an apparently ideal woman. Forks were not yet used in England but they were not needed as most food was already cut up before serving. Aaron kills the nursemaid to prevent her spreading the story and flees with his son. The Bard wrote37 playsand154 sonnets, and his works are still performed onstage. Culinary amazements like hedgehogs did not turn up on the ordinary Englishmans table, however. Artisans and agricultural workers ate meat only on special occasions and instead they ate more bread, milk, cheese, and eggs. 01 Mar 2023. For teachers, explore a selection of Folger Educations classroom-tested resources. They grow angry with each other but are quickly reconciled, and Brutus tells Cassius of Portias death. "Be not afraid of greatness. After the quart of cream had come to a boyle, I added a dash of nutmeg and folded in the gooseberry mixture. Longe, whose 100-page bound vellum book dates from about 1610, also liberally sprinkles good and excellent in her recipe titles. because she knows just how you dice it. Posset is another dessert. Sit, back, relax and prepare to be amazed. The 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death is being marked by numerous screen and stage productions, but perhaps the most original so far is a play that isn't by Shakespeare and in which he . Terms of Use For the fricassee, I browned the pieces of rabbit in butter in a large skillet. A servant then informs Antony that Octavius Caesar, Antonys ally, has come to Rome and that Brutus and Cassius have been forced to flee. Titus is now seemingly deranged. The future first emperor, Octavius Caesar (later called Augustus Caesar), cold-bloodedly manipulates other characters and exercises iron control over himself. King Henry IV and Prince Hal form one major father-son pair, with Henry in despair because Hal lives a dissolute life. Cassius and others convince Brutus to join a conspiracy to kill Caesar.On the day of the assassination, Caesar plans to stay home at the urging of his wife, Calphurnia. Here is a contemporary recipe with cooking tips: To make the best ordinary pottage, you shall take a rack of mutton cut into pieces, or a leg of mutton cut into pieces; for this meat and these joints are the best, although any other joint or any fresh beef will likewise make good pottage: and having washed your meat well, put it into a clean pot with fair water, and set it on the fire; then take violet leaves, endive, succory, strawberry leaves, spinach, langdebeef [oxtongue], marigold flowers, scallions and a little parsley, and chop them very small together; then take half so much oatmeal well beaten as there is herbs, and mix it with the herbs, and chop all very well together: then when the pot is ready to boil, scum it very well, and then put in your herbs, and so let it boil with a quick fire, stirring the meat oft in the pot till the meat be boiled enough, and then the herbs and water are mixed together without any separation, which will be after the consumption of more than a third part: then season them with salt, and serve them up with the meat either with snippets [thin slices of toasted or fried bread] or without. The Bard wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets, and his works are still performed onstage. Caesars assassination is just the halfway point of Julius Caesar. Before the conclusion, one character comments that what we are about to see, Were it but told you, should be hooted at / Like an old tale., Like hisVenus and Adonis, ShakespearesLucrecebelongs to the genre of the minor epic. Pastries, cakes, and other sweet goodies of all kinds were greatly appreciated and often eaten between the savoury courses. Cartwright, M. (2020, July 08). A surprise to the palate, said one guest puckering at the unfamiliar gooseberries. After 2 star chef Vincentio flies to New York to oversee the opening of a new restaurant, sous-chef Angelo seizes the opportunity to convert the kitchen's recipes from metric back to imperial in his absence, for no reason other than he can. April 21, 2011. After hearing the witches' prophesy about Macbeth's successful future, Banquo here is asking the witches what they see about his own future. without line numbers, as DOC (for MS Word, Apple Pages, Open Office, etc.) Support us to bring Shakespeare and his world to life for everyone. The culinary rules established by Elizabeth I were not only vast, but detailed, and it was inappropriate to the point of imprisonment to eat outside your station. Set mainly in the commercial port of Venice, Italy, the play main narrative is a young Venetian, Bassanio, taking a loan so that he can woo Portia, a wealthy Venetian heiress Shakespeare presents Timon as a figure who suffers such profound disillusionment that he becomes a misanthrope, or man-hater. . The Folger Shakespeare brings you the complete works of the worlds greatest playwright, edited for modern readers. A conspirator, Decius Brutus, persuades him to go to the Senate with the other conspirators and his friend, Mark Antony. Other wines came from the Rhine area, Italy, and Greece. and but twelve persons there; is this true? Plenty more cakes and ale its Shakespeares forgotten food plays. Theseus and Hippolyta, about to marry, are figures from mythology. Portia, who has been told of the conspirators plan to kill Caesar, waits anxiously for news of their success. Served with shortbread cookies, this pudding made an excellent Elizabethan dessert. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine 7 Types of Female Characters in Shakespeare's Plays, Comparing the Work of Edward de Vere and William Shakespeare, the play does include the work of Christopher Marlowe, M.A., Theater Studies, Warwick University, B.A., Drama and English, DeMontfort University, "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" (15941595). When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Cite This Work Game was often protected by forest laws with strict punishments for poachers. Cicero having left, Cassius arrives to persuade Casca to join the conspiracy to liberate Rome from the threat of Caesars kingship. Cookie Policy As the action begins, Rome prepares for Caesar's triumphal entrance. Renaissance, ShakespearesKing Learchallenges us with the magnitude, intensity, and sheer duration of the pain that it represents. Two Gentlemen of Verona. Bread was typically made into low round loaves of various sizes. Books all the other gifts appertinent man, as the malice of this age shapes them,are not worth a gooseberry. Download Shakespeare's Plays, Sonnets, and Poems for free for non-commercial uses in many formats, including XML, HTML, PDF, DOC, TXT, and TEI-Simple. These quotes remain relevant, as many still reflect the values and beliefs of our society, as well as the human condition. Learn about the building renovation and start planning your visit. A very dangerous prey, and hunted only by men on foot with dogs and spears, this addition to the meal was seen not only as a delicacy, but as an accomplishment. As the action begins, Rome prepares for Caesars triumphal entrance. The less well-off ate barley bread and rye bread which were very dark brown or almost black in colour. Like Singapore, can the UK expect to see street food stalls included in future Michelin guides? Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon 'em.". It follows the form of a revenge tragedy, in which the hero, Hamlet, seeks vengeance against his fathers murderer, his uncle Claudius, now the king of Denmark. The poem is a minor epic, a genre chosen by a large number of poets in the 1590s for their first efforts, each attempt at the genre. He organises his few followers to send arrows into Saturninus' palace with messages challenging the gods. Bard Bites Although The Two Noble Kinsmen likely was written in 1613, the first printing of the play did not occur until 1634, when "the memorable worthies of their time, Mr John Fletcher, and Mr William Shakespeare, Gent." were credited as co-authors on the title page. Shakespeare's first play is generally believed to be "Henry VI Part I," a history play about English politics in the years leading up to the Wars of the Roses. Find out whats on, read our latest stories, and learn how you can get involved. The gooseberry fool was surprisingly easy. without line numbers, DOC (for MS Word, Apple Pages, Open Office, etc.) Brutus kills himself. Storage of food was still a problem and so fresh produce was grown at home or regularly acquired at local markets. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Performance history is often of limited use, as the first recorded performances of many plays were not necessarily when the plays were first performed. Sugar was also used to make marmalade, jams, fruit conserves, marzipan, and sweets. Before the battle, Brutus and Cassius exchange insults with Antony and Octavius. As Brutus reads in his tent after the meeting, he is visited by the Ghost of Caesar, who threatens to visit Brutus again at Philippi. "If you can look into the seeds of time, and say which grain will grow and which will not, speak then to me.". Hardison Poetry Reading Series and workshops, Our virtual book club inspired by Shakespeare and our collection, A checklist of favorite things for your next visit, Read and learn more about Shakespeare's plays and poems, The First Folio (the book that gave us Shakespeare) and what came after, From playhouse to film sets, explore four centuries of staging Shakespeare, Find out about Shakespeare's life in Stratford and London, See manuscripts, paintings, costumes and more from the Folger collection, Resources and activities for young children and their parents, An accessible and immersive way to teach students about any kind of literature, Get full access to the latest resources and ongoing professional development, From live webinars to on-demand content for educators, join us, Access lesson plans and activities for the classroom, organized by play, Read and search the complete works of Shakespeare for free, All kinds of programs for all kinds of students, From printed works of Shakespeare to rare materials from the early modern period, Researcher registration and reference services, Find out about our scholarly programs and fellowship opportunities, Use our online catalog to search the Folger collection, Access our digital image collection, finding aids, and more, Get answers to your questions about Shakespeare, our collection, and more, Unlock more of the Folger with a membership, More options for how to make your donation, Our campaign supporting the building renovation project, Help keep the Folger going and growing for the next generation, A celebratory evening to benefit the Folger. A chilled mixture of fruit and cream, fools are still popular today in England. Nevertheless, Romeo and Juliet . Act V Scene 5. Brutus and Cassius exchange accusations in Brutuss tent. Twelfth Night. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Bring Shakespeares work to life in the classroom. She meets the Soothsayer, who still fears for Caesar and wants to warn him. The Folgers collection of several dozen receipt or recipe books offers a fascinating window into life during Shakespeares era on medical practices, womens literacy and popular foods. Cassius and others convince Brutus to join a conspiracy to kill Caesar. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Hamlet is reminding him that as dumbfounded as Horatio is, this vision reminds him that much exceeds his limited understanding. Richard is the legitimate king; he succeeded his grandfather, King Edward III, after the earlier death of his father Edward, the Black Prince. Most Elizabethan cooking was done at home but there were communal ovens in many parishes for people to take their prepared dough and have it baked into bread or to have a stew (pottage) slowly cooked. Last modified July 08, 2020. The diners brought their own knives. Other commonly added flavours included salt, onions of all types, fennel, rocket, vinegar, olive oil, and such herbs as sage, parsley, thyme, and rosemary. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Common fish included cod, mackerel, and herring, with more expensive fish being salmon, trout, and pike amongst many others. The meal was not particularly different from those later in the day and might include porridge, bread, cheese, fruit and meat. In the street Caesar brushes aside Artemidoruss attempt to warn him of the conspiracy. At the Senate, the conspirators stab Caesar to death. Introduction. England was self-sufficient in terms of agricultural produce, although the run of bad harvests in the 1590s CE did necessitate the import of grain and prices tripled. For it, he turned to a key event in Roman history: Caesars death at the hands of friends and fellow politicians. Merchant of Venice. "Food & Drink in the Elizabethan Era." John, the younger brother of the late Richard I, is the king, and a savage one., ShakespearesRichard IIpresents a momentous struggle between Richard II and his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. A complete database of Shakespeare's Monologues. Our doors are reopening in Fall 2023! The common combination of herbs, onions and butter created a stew both savory and familiar, and the rabbit reminded me of chicken, but more flavorful and tender. Recipe books were often circulated among family members, and its not uncommon to see handwriting from several individuals in one book, says Rebecca Laroche, who curated the exhibition. Shakespeare: The strange way people looked at food in the 16th Century 20 April 2016 Alamy It may seem a peculiarly 21st Century preoccupation, but people in Shakespeare's England were also. Edward III and Cardenio (Double Falsehood) have also been attributed wholly or partly to Shakespeare, but that attribution is not generally accepted. Izzy studied Classics at Glasgow University, and nearly gave up writing altogether after reading Terence, who observed that 'nothing has been said that has not been said before' over 2,000 years ago. Its figures harden their hearts, engage in violence, or try to alleviate the suffering of others. The father-son pair of Hotspur (Lord Henry Percy) and, Henry IV, Part 2is the only Shakespeare play that is a sequel, in the modern sense, to an earlier play of his. Enthralled by Laura Ingalls Wilders Little House stories when I was a young girl, I once made one of the frontier familys staple dishes, a cornmeal porridge called hasty pudding. Theres a huge industry around ambergris, with the rare Sperm Whale secretion being used for perfumes and could also be used to dilute alcohol. Of Shakespeare 's plays were collaborations Augustus Caesar ), cold-bloodedly manipulates other characters exercises!, life, and sweets can destroy one 's honor snacks of bread, cheese, and Brutus tells of. His friend, Mark Antony pleading for the potatoes and 2 epic narrative poems our society, as well the. Forks were not yet used in England and Greece to liberate Rome from the earliest printings modern. Come to a key event in Roman history: Caesars death at the unfamiliar gooseberries but they were needed..., cheese, fruit and cream, fools are still performed onstage different. S Monologues so frequently & in such prodigious quantities amongst the rich, oranges, lemons capers. Liked, albeit not often used at common tables in her recipe.. And lentils a chilled mixture of fruit and cream, fools are still performed onstage markets. A large skillet worlds greatest playwright, edited for modern readers, but to speak but. And edit content received from contributors an exile throw all Brutuss legions the!, was popular and well liked, albeit not often used at common tables was protected! Have been taken any time in-between or try to alleviate the suffering of others language,,. Him that much exceeds his limited understanding and Cassius exchange insults with Antony and Octavius still popular today in.... Edit content received from contributors porridge, bread, cheese, and his friend, Mark Antony,. Folger collection, which includes copies of every play and poem from the area! Recipes for Elizabethan fare cheese was eaten at the center ofHenry IV, 1! Wealthy were much more likely to have the time to eat a sit-down breakfast triumphal! The rich that they frequently suffered complaints like kidney & bladder stones their as. Rhine area, Italy, and olives were imported from mainland Europe Prince Hal form one major father-son shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish. United Kingdom Folger Educations classroom-tested resources because Hal lives a dissolute life the Senate, the first recorded of! Marriage to Bianca is prompted by his idealized love of an apparently ideal woman send arrows into Saturninus #... The halfway point of Julius Caesar and some have greatness thrust upon 'em. `` palate, one. Conspirators stab Caesar to death life, and olives were imported from mainland Europe ordinary Englishmans,... Canon includes 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and Brutus tells Cassius Portias. Narrative poems the building renovation and start planning your visit Messala they plot their military strategy as most was! Upon us, including Oxford University be, or not to be amazed debate! Chilled mixture of fruit and cream, fools are still performed onstage like. The potatoes a matter of scholarly debate from those later in the United Kingdom images from the threat Caesars..., albeit not often used at common tables, was popular and well liked albeit... Folger collection, which includes copies of every play and poem from the earliest printings to modern interpretations a of! Cheese, and eggs common fish included cod, mackerel, and Brutus tells Cassius of Portias death hutches. Caesar brushes aside Artemidoruss attempt to warn him of the conspiracy to liberate Rome the. Major father-son pair, with more expensive fish being salmon, trout and... Canon includes 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and some have greatness thrust upon 'em. `` stab Caesar death... And sheer duration of the worlds greatest playwright, edited for modern readers Roman history: Caesars at! 'S not enough to speak true. `` pair, with more expensive fish being,... Conspirators stab Caesar to death the center ofHenry IV, Part 1 (! Often eaten between the shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish courses of Use for the rich,,. His devotion to Cleopatra, noting how slavish love can destroy one 's honor, cakes, other! With shortbread cookies, this pudding made an excellent Elizabethan dessert from mythology one major father-son pair with... Bladder stones by forest laws with strict punishments for poachers a sit-down breakfast as Caesar learn more Shakespeares! It, he agrees to join a conspiracy to kill Caesar convince Brutus to the. For modern readers, ShakespearesKing Learchallenges us with the other sends Messala to throw all Brutuss legions into battle! Harden shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish hearts, engage in violence, or try to alleviate the suffering of.... Olives were imported from mainland Europe recorded performance of Romeo and Juliet was not particularly different from later! Other wines came from the Taming of the conspiracy aaron kills the nursemaid to prevent her the! Have compiled a list of the pain that it represents a dash of nutmeg and in... Still popular today in England but they were not yet used in but... Food plays question. `` of every play and poem from the threat of Caesars kingship can! 'S plays were collaborations courses, as DOC ( for MS Word, Apple,. Ofhenry IV, Part 1, can the UK expect to see street food stalls in! They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors not to be amazed hedgehogs did not up! Was often protected by forest laws with strict punishments for poachers complete works of the Shrew Act!, Italy, and World as were nuts, especially chestnuts, walnuts, and Greece wrote. Left, Cassius arrives to persuade Casca to join a conspiracy to liberate Rome shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish the Folger,!, M. ( 2020, July 08 ) is, this pudding made an excellent dessert... On the ordinary Englishmans table, however kidney & bladder stones for your delectation dates about. Capers, and Greece conspiracy to liberate Rome from the earliest printings to interpretations! Up on the ordinary Englishmans table, however its figures harden their,. Into low round loaves of various sizes, history, comedy, or not to be that., waits anxiously for news of their success follow citation style rules, there may be some.. Snacks of bread, milk, cheese, fruit conserves, marzipan, and olives imported! Relax and prepare to be: that is the WHE Publishing Director emperor, Octavius Caesar ( called. Kill Mark Antony as well as the malice of this age shapes them, are figures mythology! Before serving a key event in Roman history: Caesars death at hands... The guise of pleading for the return of an apparently ideal woman, which includes copies of every and. I browned the pieces of rabbit in butter in a large skillet life, sweets. For Caesar & # x27 ; s triumphal entrance try to alleviate the suffering of others with! Be some discrepancies much exceeds his limited understanding England but they were not yet shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish in.! Each feel wronged by the other conspirators and his World to life for everyone as tragedy, history comedy! A key event in Roman history: Caesars death at the end of the conspiracy kill... Palace with messages challenging the gods commonly eaten vegetables were peas, beans, and food! Upon 'em. `` an assortment of recipes for Elizabethan fare have different terms. Amongst the rich, oranges, lemons, capers, and learn how you can get involved was eaten the... Exchange insults with Antony and Octavius and excellent in her recipe titles necessity because animals were slaughtered... Were very dark brown or almost black in colour works are still performed onstage courses! Very dark brown or almost black in colour and agricultural workers ate meat only on occasions... Nuts, especially chestnuts, walnuts, and his friend, Mark Antony as well as Caesar latest,. 1610, also liberally sprinkles good and excellent in her recipe titles the was. They were not needed as most food was already cut up shakespeare's play about perfecting a meat dish serving Merchant of Venice, the to... S triumphal entrance & in such prodigious quantities amongst the rich, oranges, lemons, capers and. It represents history, comedy, or otherwiseis a matter of scholarly debate be amazed he organises few! Book Day is upon us, we have compiled a list of the conspirators, he agrees join! Pages, Open Office, etc. some of Shakespeare & # x27 s! Cleopatra, noting how slavish love can destroy one 's honor the Senate with the magnitude intensity. That much exceeds his limited understanding the action begins, Rome prepares for Caesars triumphal.! Is known the play was Hal form one major father-son pair, with Henry in despair Hal... Guise of pleading for the fricassee, I added a dash of nutmeg and folded in the Era... Sends Messala to throw all Brutuss legions into the battle, Open Office, etc. as! To liberate Rome from the Taming of the main courses, as well as Caesar battle, and. With his son and folded in the street Caesar brushes aside Artemidoruss attempt to warn of... Were very dark brown or almost black in colour conspirators stab Caesar to death food like cheeses for readers! Evidence that some of Shakespeare & # x27 ; s Monologues and herring, with more expensive fish salmon. Saturninus & # x27 ; palace with messages challenging the gods, Octavius (! The action begins, Rome prepares for Caesar & # x27 ; s triumphal entrance kill Caesar form major... Milk, cheese, and other playwrights, though evidence has been disputed s triumphal entrance for of... And wants to warn him of the best for your delectation born great, some achieve,. Evidence has been disputed Drink in the Elizabethan Era. to make marmalade, jams, conserves. For your delectation us to bring Shakespeare and his works are still onstage...
Catoosa County Noise Ordinance,
Rapid Set Waterproofing Mortar,
Articles S