Itraconazole should be considered for therapy of pulmonary aspergillosis in this and other immunocompromised settings. Although there is considerable experimental data to support the idea, bringing a fungal vaccine to fruition has been elusive. Recovered colonies were counted and confirmed as grand or petite, and the frequency of petite colonies in the brain, the target organ, correlated with the in vitro results. In 10-day studies dosing uninfected mice, minor renal tubular changes occurred after AmBisome or Abelcet at 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg with or without cyclophosphamide treatment; nephrosis occurred only with Abelcet in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Additional studies are warranted. Biography. The efficacy of combination therapy was assessed, with mice given either no treatment, MICA at 1 mg/kg/dose, 0.8 mg kg(-1) of intravenous amphotericin B (AMB), 100 mg kg(-1) of oral itraconazole (ICZ), or 100 mg/kg/dose of twice-daily subcutaneous nikkomycin Z (NIK). View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.07.004, View details for Web of Science ID 000232712100003. An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis fungemia involving 17 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients was studied. View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181aede29, View details for Web of Science ID 000268079000008. In no instance were the KO mice more susceptible than WT. 0115 95 14859 david.stevens@nottingham.ac.uk Biography I have been at Nottingham since 2000, having previously held positions at Brunel University and Brown University. Castrated male mice reconstituted with 17beta-estradiol initially restricted proliferation, but showed disease progression later in infection, whereas castrated female mice reconstituted with testosterone were unable to restrict disease. View details for Web of Science ID 000286214200026. A BALB/c substrain (ByJ) was also susceptible. Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole treatments in a murine model of coccidioidal meningitis. Caspofungin was co-cultured for 24h with either human monocytes (Monos), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) against germlings of A. fumigatus and antifungal activity assessed using the XTT metabolic assay. We hopen. Sequencing of approximately 1500 bases of the 16S rRNA gene in both organisms in 3 reference laboratories confirmed, searching against 3 databases, that the organisms were identical and were Halomonas species. Consistent with the in vitro enhancement of effector cell function by IFN-gamma, in vivo therapy with IFN-gamma significantly (P<0.0001) improved survival of BALB/c mice with pulmonary blastomycosis. to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. The side effects were minimal.Therapy for coccidioidomycosis remains a clinical challenge, especially when patients have not responded to therapy with drugs that were recommended in treatment guidelines. Stevens was a significant contributor to the archaeological field and is noted for being the first curator of Reading Museum. Dis. Walsh, T. J., Raad, I., Patterson, T. F., Chandrasekar, P., Donowitz, G. R., Graybill, R., Greene, R. E., Hachem, R., Hadley, S., Herbrecht, R., Langston, A., Louie, A., Ribaud, P., Segal, B. H., Stevens, D. A., van Burik, J. H., White, C. S., Corcoran, G., Gogate, J., Krishna, G., Pedicone, L., Hardalo, C., Perfect, J. R. Experimental animal models of coccidioidomycosis. Pulmonary aspergillosis following bone marrow transplantation carries a mortality of 94%, irrespective of current treatment. These results suggest that VCZ would have good efficacy in the treatment of Cn infection in humans. Early histologic analysis (10 days of treatment) with 50 mg/kg BID itraconazole or fluconazole showed suppression of CM in all five animals per group; in quantitative cultures, three of three animals from each group had no detectable infection in the brain, spinal cord, or a site of secondary infection, the lungs. It is believed to be correct at the time of inputting and is presented here in good faith. To enable future studies on host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred mouse strains were tested for susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown, over many decades of clinical observation and bench research, to be central to the outcome of invasive fungal infections. Malassezia pachydermatis, a yeast that has not previously been implicated as a cause of human disease, was isolated from cultures of blood from three infants. We presently studied acid-stable cell-wall mannan (-1, 6-linked backbone highly branched with -1, 2; -1, 3; and -1, 2-linked manno-oligomers) derived from C. albicans, with or without conjugation to bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a vaccine against systemic aspergillosis. Results showed that the protection induced by mannan is dose-dependent; 12 mg unconjugated mannan alone or > 0.3 mg mannan-BSA consistently enhanced survival (P < 0.05). In two studies, all formulations prolonged survival, with the results for AmBisome nearly equivalent to those for Fungizone; Amphocil and Abelcet were less effective or equivalent depending on the severity of infection. Increasing serum IgE levels, new or worsening infiltrate on chest radiograph and worsening spirometry suggest that steroids should be used. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2011.577822, View details for Web of Science ID 000295893300006. Moreover, differences between regulation of IL-1 and TNF production by BAM+conidia or LPS and peritoneal macrophages (PM)+conidia or LPS were documented. Field of expertise. Vora, S., Chauhan, S., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Although no well-designed studies have been carried out, the available data support the use of corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). uk BS8 1TD Overview Fingerprint Network Projects (17) Research Outputs (111) Datasets (2) . These various manifestations of the diseases, diagnosis and treatment are organized for basic scientists, so that they may better understand the dimensions and nature of the clinical challenges. Avian aspergillosis is commonly treated with itraconazole (ITZ). These studies suggest GM-CSF treatment prior to and concurrent with steroid immunosuppression may ameliorate the steroid effect on tissue macrophage antifungal activity, but does not affect steroid suppression of T-cell immunity. Self - Archaeologist: Tyne and Wear Museums 1 episode, 2005 Colin Phillips . Killing by BAM treated with DEX (10(-7) M) for 48 h in vitro was reduced to 13 +/- 6%; however, if GM-CSF (500 U ml(-1)) was present during DEX treatment of BAM, killing of conidia (33 +/- 2%) by BAM was preserved. These molecules are different from the conventional DNA-interacting drugs such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA alkylators or intercalators. Both isolates declined in number in other organs. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto had significantly higher caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin MICs than C. orthopsilosis or C. metapsilosis; C. metapsilosis was least susceptible to fluconazole. There were 54 recognized species of this genus, associated with marine or saline sites. Only the 40-mg/kg dose of VCZ was effective. We have also found the cell wall glycans alone, mannan or glucan, as a vaccine each provide significant protection. However, despite its beneficial effects, DEX puts patients at risk for opportunistic infections, especially pulmonary aspergillosis. Progesterone is also an effective inhibitor of growth of the fungus. An overarching theme of my work has been the proper place of religion within politics and society. Abelcet and voriconazole showed significantly enhanced efficacy in reducing brain infection. Microsatellite typing of 25 Candida parapsilosis isolates from a described outbreak in a neonatal intensive care showed 2 large groups of blood isolates that were related to hand isolates from specific hospital staff, not infant-colonizing isolates. Capilla, J., Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Stevens, D. A. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693780802641912, View details for Web of Science ID 000273003600002. In 2 experiments with up to 70% mortality of neutropenic controls, transfusion of 10(7) PMNs 1 and 4 days after challenge had negligible effects on peripheral WBC counts but improved survival (P = 0.007, 0.02), decreased lung CFU (P = 0.03, 0.005), and cleared infection in 28 to 50% of survivors. Byron, J. K., Clemons, K. V., McCusker, J. H., Davis, R. W., Stevens, D. A. SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE VIRULENCE PHENOTYPE AS DETERMINED WITH CD-1 MICE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABILITY TO GROW AT 42-DEGREES-C AND FORM PSEUDOHYPHAE. beta-Glucan incubated with BALF inhibited the binding of SP-D in BALF to B. dermatitidis as demonstrated by IFA. Archaeology of Parchman Place, Coahoma County, Mississippi 2006 M.A., Anthropology, University of Mississippi, University . By the sandwich immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method with anti-mouse MBL (MBL-A or -C), we showed that serum MBL bound to B. dermatitidis. In responders, improvement was seen within months of the initiation of therapy. California Archaeology 1(1)7-27. Our results suggest this estrogen insensitivity may have broad-ranging effects on processes other than gametogenesis, including vaginal susceptibility to candidiasis. Mice treated with AMB either i.p. The two earlier meetings had taken place in San Francisco, CA, 2004 and in Athens, Greece, 2006, and the series has become the place for scientists and clinicians to be updated on developments relevant to all aspects of this fungal genus. [1], Stevens lived in Reading until his death on 7 April 1899. Co-stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor abolished immunomodulatory effects of the drugs. Female. - LECTURER of medical students at Bristol University [Anatomy: of humans and other animals], [2012] - University of Birmingham [Professor of Public Engagement with Science], [2008] - University of Bristol [Ph.D.Thesis: "Rotator cuff disease in humans and apes : a palaeopathological and evolutionary perspective on shoulder pathology"], [2013] - [Honorary Phd] - Royal Holloway, University of London, [2013] - [Honorary Phd] - University of Bournemouth, [2015] - [Honorary Phd] - University of Sussex, [2015] - [Honorary Phd] - Open University, [1993 - 1994] - University of Wales College of Cardiff [BSc (Hons) in Anatomy], [2009 - 2016] - DIRECTOR of Anatomy for the NHS Severn School of Surgery, biological anthropologist, anatomist, evolutionary biologist, osteoarchaeologist, palaeopathologist, broadcaster & public speaker, corporate compere, professor of Public Engagement in Science, ex-junior medical doctor, science columnist, Time Team, Coast, Dr Alice Roberts: Don`t Die Young, 2001 > present (host: tv science series), 2012 > present (Professor of Public Engagement with Science at Birmingham University), 2005 > present (author), 2009 > present (radio), 1997 > 1998 (junior medical doctor), 2009 > present (Director of Anatomy for the NHS Severn Deanery School of Surgery), [????] Inactive caspofungin alone demonstrated no significant inhibition of hyphal growth, whereas the addition of 5% human serum to the inactive drug showed 83% +/- 16.5% inhibition (n = 5; P < 0. Most of my research has been involved with cold regions, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Southern Ocean. The addition of caspofungin at 0.1 microg/ml and 0.05 microg/ml to the monocyte cultures increased antifungal activity. Since the majority of aspergillomas do not cause life-threatening hemoptysis, the morbidity and cost of treatment must be weighed against the clinical benefit. Therapy should be prolonged beyond resolution of disease and reversible underlying predispositions (BIII). Lower concentrations of serum also potentiated drug activity. Therefore, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis genotype distribution differences in Israel are related to changes in all ethnic groups. I welcome applications throughout the year from potential PhD candidates with an interest in oceanography or climate processes for available positions or from candidates who have their own funding or wish to apply for their own funding. They were dating for 5 years after getting together in 1995 and were married in 2000. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.47.2.813-815.2003, View details for Web of Science ID 000180646800058, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC151760. We have shown previously that high-dose lipid amphotericin preparations are not more efficacious than lower doses in aspergillosis. I am an applied mathematician with an interest in modelling and understanding processes in the oceans and climate system. View details for DOI 10.1128/IAI.01185-07, View details for Web of Science ID 000253563500016, View details for Web of Science ID 000252221200001. But how can we encourage more women to breastfeed and support them to do it for longer ideally up until weaning? We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of three different classes of antifungal agents on the human monocytic cell line, THP-1, which had been stimulated in vitro with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Randomized trials are lacking. These effects were reproducible; medium dependent in extent; noted in macro- and microdilution, in the presence or absence of serum, and on agar containing drug (but not when drug concentrations were not constant, as in agar diffusion); not seen with other echinocandins and less commonly in other Candida species; and not due to destruction of drug in tubes showing the effect. Current pharmacotherapy of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. To understand the protection induced by HKY against different fungal species, additional studies of epitope mapping are warranted. [2], At the time of his death, Stevens was a member of the Royal College of Physicians London, and the British Archaeological Association. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.01538-08, View details for Web of Science ID 000265528700019, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2681538. Was King David a real person? PMNs alone, added to hyphae, inhibited growth by 19% in the subsequent 20 h. Hyphae generated in the presence of micafungin (0.10 microg/ml) and subsequently cultured with micafungin for 24 h inhibited growth by 64%. Cultured spleen or lymph node cells were stimulated with HKY. Areas addressed included fungal biology, immunopathogenesis, insights from animal models, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, the use of new immunologic and genetic techniques in diagnosis, imaging modalities, pharmacology, and treatment approaches. Here, we report on the construction of a genomic DNA microarray, covering approximately 25 % of the genome of the organism, and its utilization in identifying genes and gene expression patterns during growth in vitro. No mice died after infection with 10(6) CFU of Y55 or YJM128. Both loci were present in 84 of the isolates. Anna is an archaeologist, specialising in ancient Egypt, with research interests that include urbanism in the ancient world, lived religion, cultural interaction and the archaeology of cult. C. metapsilosis appears rarely. Four responses were complete and seven were partial; these included five patients with pulmonary sites and six patients with disseminated sites. Neither the optimal steroid dose nor the duration of therapy has been standardised but limited data suggest the starting dose should be prednisone (approximately 0.5 mg/kg/day). After intravenous treatment of uninfected mice with 75 g of rhMBL, rhMBL was detected in the serum and peritoneal lavage fluid; rhMBL was detected in the serum of infected mice 2 and 24 hours post-dose, and at very low concentrations in vaginal lavage fluid. Heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HKY) used as a vaccine protects mice against systemic aspergillosis and coccidioidomycosis. David Stevens (Gojiboy) See Photos. Managing Director, Symonds Facilities and Project Management, Australia, The techniques and processes described in this book are proven. We recount studies showing the specific hormonal binding of mammalian estrogen to proteins in P. brasiliensis and an action of estrogen to specifically block the transition from the saprophytic form to the invasive form of the fungus in vitro. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.00933-12, View details for Web of Science ID 000308807900041. Nineteen S. cerevisiae isolates obtained from patients suffering from vaginitis and four isolates from commercial products in the same city were analyzed. The results show that HKY promoted spleen cell and lymph node cell proliferation from HKY-vaccinated mice but not from PBS-vaccinated control mice (all P<0.05). Saccharomyces as a Vaccine Against Systemic Candidiasis. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination during Aspergillus infection. An exposure-response relationship was suggested by pharmacokinetic analyses.Although the study predates extensive use of echinocandins and voriconazole, these findings demonstrate that posaconazole is an alternative to salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis who are refractory to or intolerant of previous antifungal therapy. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693780903471784, View details for Web of Science ID 000280700800004. Overall, these data indicate that CAS is highly efficacious against systemic murine candidiasis and a paradoxical effect was not reproducibly demonstrated in vivo. Res Publica: A Journal of Moral, Legal, and Social Philosophy. The combination of HK-Bd and mouse serum resulted in more IL-6 production than either component alone. The differences between CD-1 and BALB/c mice were also seen with a second C. albicans isolate. One week after the cessation of therapy, all survivors were euthanatized, the numbers of CFU remaining in the spinal cord and brain were determined, and histological analyses were performed. If, in the second 20 h period, a fungus (heat-killed Blastomyces, HK-Bd) was introduced, a more complex pattern of cytokine (particularly TNF) and chemokine production ensued. Stephens, a hairdresser based in Baltimore, took a trip to the Walters Art Museum back in 2001 . View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500051919, View details for Web of Science ID 000230896300018. Overexpression of FLU1, an efflux pump gene related to MDR1, did not correlate with resistance, nor did overexpression of ERG11. PCR has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis of CNS aspergillosis, which could assist in reducing disease mortality. Paired baseline and end-of-treatment culture results for Coccidioides species were available for 4 patients, all of whom converted from being positive to being negative for Coccidioides species. Sequential studies with peritoneal macrophages indicated that recombinant human GM-CSF pretreatment also blocked dexamethasone suppression, but the GM-CSF treatment given after dexamethasone did not block the suppressive effect. View 2 David L Stevens ER 2002-03 Bideford, Devon, EX39. Isolates from Jews (51), Arabs (35) and Druze (25) were genotyped. Cellular DNA, isolated after the lysis of protoplasts, was amplified by PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primers, purified by liquid chromatography, and digested with restriction endonucleases. One hundred sixty patients were entered in two multicenter protocols to receive 400 to 2,000 mg of ketoconazole once daily for nonmeningeal or meningeal coccidiodomycosis. On 16-19 January 2008, the Third Advances Against Aspergillosis Meeting took place in Miami Beach, FL, USA. ITZ in cyclodextrin was given by gavage once daily at a dose of 100 mg/kg or twice daily at 50 mg/kg. CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFECTION WITH MALASSEZIA-PACHYDERMATIS IN HIGH-RISK INFANTS. View details for Web of Science ID 000226559700009. Martinez, M., Chen, V., Tong, A., Hamilton, K., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Reflections on the Approach to Treatment of a Mycologic Disaster, Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Cryptic Species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp nov within the Human Pathogenic Fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. Male CD-1 mice were given different regimens of HKY subcutaneously prior to intravenous challenge with Candida albicans. Intravenous therapy should be used initially in rapidly progressing disease (BIII). Sequenced clones were compared with Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides posadasii genome sequences to assess potentially common pathways across species, such as sulfur and lipid metabolism, amino acid transporters, transcription factors and genes possibly related to virulence. Caspofungin may prove to be useful in empirical therapy for suspected invasive fungal infections. View details for Web of Science ID A1997XE59100036, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC229850, The field of antifungal chemotherapy is presently rapidly moving. The drug from ITZ-A and ITZ-B suspensions was absorbed after oral administration. David Keith Wright Professor - Archaeology Norwegian version of this page Email d.k.wright@iakh.uio.no Phone +47 22841942 Room Blindernverein 11, Room 145 Username Log in Visiting address Blindernveien 11 0371 Oslo Postal address Postboks 1008 Blindern 0316 Oslo Download business card Academic interests Environmental archaeology Atkins, PLC, (U.K.). On the other hand, in another compartment GM-CSF could not block the DEX reduction of spleen weight and spleen cellularity. Director of Archaeology at Jamestown Rediscovery Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Like a superhero of the coiffe, she spends her days as a regular hair dresser, giving people layers and funky bobs. Topical administration of rhMBL in a cream appeared more effective than rhMBL in a gel and both were inferior to commercial clotrimazole cream. [2] Little more is known about the identity of his parents. Finally, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was minimally produced by BAM + conidia or LPS, but IL-10 was produced by PM + conidia or LPS. Monocytes alone inhibited hyphal growth by only 5%. In experimental pulmonary blastomycosis, susceptibility varied in mouse strains. 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