Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Adams received the support of New England, South Carolina, and the Mid-Atlantic states (excepting New York), while Clinton carried New York and most of the South. However, neither of those cities was Washington, D.C., as the seat of government did not move there until 1800. "I walk on untrodden ground," was a frequent comment he made in the days leading up to his first inauguration. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. It was held from Friday, November 2, to Wednesday, December 5, 1792. Who ran against George Washington for the role of president? Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. Commenting on his re-election, Washington proclaimed, "I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its chief magistrate. The unanimity of the vote in favor of Washington masked the nascent emergence of political parties and the bitter partisanship that would come characterize the rest of the 1790s. Five candidates split the remaining seven votes. (b) One electoral district failed to choose an elector. 2023 Mount Vernon Ladies Association. However, we cant forget that there was competition from 11 other men in that maiden presidential election. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. President Washington ran unopposed, as he was the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties nominee. Need help with homework? How Did George Washington Interpret The Constitution. Washington spent eight days traveling from Virginia to New York for the inauguration. Washington Papers. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. Considered the best artist in the city, he was the obvious choice for Washington's first presidential portrait. His persistence and devotion to his men and his perpetual mindfulness of the ideals for which they were fighting won him the respect and loyalty of many. The electors were split on their second choice: Adams received 77 votes to Clinton's 50, enough to secure a second-place finish behind Washington and the vice presidency. (d) As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York. On February 4, 1789, the 69 members of the Electoral College made George Washington the only chief executive to be unanimously elected. One exhilarated eyewitness recalled that " my sensibility was wound to such a pitch that I could do no more than wave my hat with the rest, without the power of joining in the requested acclamations which rent the air!" We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. The fight to ratify the United States Constitution was still fresh in the memories of the legislators, and the Anti-federalists were resentful for have been forced by events to accept the constitution without amendments. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote. Of these, complete returns from Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania survive; surviving returns from Virginia are incomplete, and popular vote records from Kentucky are not known to exist. Washington brought the book home to Mount Vernon after retiring from the presidency in March 1797. From there, the rest of the field received very few votes each. "Voting and American Democracy." The process began with each state having to choose its electors by January 7th, 1789. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Retrieved October 28, 2022. United States presidential election of 1792, American presidential election held in 1792, in which George Washington unanimously won a second term as president of the United States. Federalists, backed by the great landed families and the city commercial interests, were the largest faction in the Senate, the smaller of the two chambers for which roughly a quarter of the state's free white male population was eligible to vote; but in the House of Representatives, with its larger membership and electorate, Anti-federalists representing the middling interests held the majority. : U of Connecticut, n.d, 1999. (b) Less than 1.8% of the population voted: the 1790 Census would count a total population of 3.0million with a free population of 2.4million and 600,000 slaves in those states casting electoral votes. On March 1, 1792, the U.S. Congress had approved a law that regulated the procedures by which a president and vice president of the United States were chosen. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. Need help with homework? Chernow, Ron (2004). During the first election, Washington won the electors of all ten eligible states. Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Who did George Washington run against? Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Both factions supported Washington for president. All Rights Reserved. [4], Nine of the 15 states eligible to chose representatives to the electoral college did so by a vote of the state legislature; the remaining six employed some form of popular vote. Washington was supported by practically all sides throughout his presidency and gained more popularity with the passage of the Bill of Rights. No one contested the election of George Washington, but he remained reluctant to run until the last minute, in . The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. Defenders of Washingtons policies would become the Federalist Party. People were so concerned about a President who would try to take too much power, that anyone who tried to obtain the job would not be considered. In most states, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest," to use the words of Jefferson strategist John Beckley. Source (popular vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 17871825[10]. With 69 electoral votes, Washington won the support of each participating elector. And, of course, Washington DC was named in his honor. (a) Only 6 of the 10 states casting electoral votes chose electors by any form of the popular vote. Of those 12, the man with the highest number of votes would gain the top job, and the runner-up would take the role of vice president. This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a contingent election and the first national presidential election in American history. Skeptics observe that Armstrong received his single vote from a Georgia elector. He would spend a difficult second term desperately preserving the new nation in the face of rebellion and foreign wars. Because Washington was from Virginia, then the largest state, many assumed that electors would choose a vice president from a northern state. Web. "The Election of 1788-89." After a quorum was finally established, the Congress counted and certified the electoral vote count on April 6. The candidate who received a majority of the votes was elected president. United States presidential election, 1792, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14, 179293 United States House of Representatives elections, List of 1792 United States presidential electors, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "1792 President of the United States, Electoral College", "A New Nation Votes - VA US President Race - Nov 00, 1792", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825, Presidential Election of 1792: A Resource Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1792_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141036351, state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, each elector appointed by the state legislature, two Congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in Congressional district, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a Congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14. (a) Only 6 of the 15 states chose electors by any form of popular vote, while pre-Twelfth Amendment electoral vote rules obscure the intentions of the voters, and those states that did choose electors by popular vote restricted the vote via property requirements. Craig R. Coenen. Washington never really ran for president. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not ratified the constitution yet. He came across the Hudson River in a specially built barge decorated in red, white, and blue. While no effort was made to unseat Washington as president, Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, mounted a campaign during the year to replace the Federalist Vice Pres. Federalists attacked Clinton for his past association with the anti-Federalists. He was bothered and disheartened by the emerging political divisions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Cooper, William J., Jr. Liberty and Slavery: Southern Politics to 1860. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December of a presidential election year, each states electors meet, usually in their state capitol, and simultaneously cast their ballots nationwide. Although James Degnan went on the radio to plead for his daughters safety, the kidnapper never made any contact or read more, Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U.S. officials recognize the new provisional government of the island nation. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was re-elected as vice president. Presidential candidates of the 21st century spend millions of dollars winning the endorsements of their parties and mounting nationwide campaigns. February 2011. Congress sets January 7, 1789 as the date by which states are required to choose electors for the country's first-ever presidential election. At that moment, the Chancellor of the State of New York, Robert Livingston, the person who administered the oath to the first chief executive, exclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States! Please select which sections you would like to print: John M. Cunningham graduated from Kalamazoo College in 2000 with a B.A. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. Who ran against George Washington in the first election? [2] In five states, the state legislature chose electors. Washington ascended to the presidency with practical experience, having served as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. The next highest total was that of Founding Father John Jay, who got nine of the second choice votes compared with six for both R.H. Harrison and John Routledge. Sixty-nine electors voted out of a possible 91. Aaron Burr, New Yorks attorney general, was briefly considered as a Republican candidate as well but ultimately ceded to Clinton. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Jefferson suggested John Jay, John Rutledge, and Virginian James Madison as other possible candidates. Washington was loath to leave the comforts of Mount Vernon, but his fellow Founding Fathers viewed his acceptance of the presidency as a foregone conclusion. Wiki User 2009-03-12 02:59:52 Study now See answer (1) Copy For all intents and purposes, the enormously popular Washington ran unopposed in both the. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). He was both a national hero and the favorite son of Virginia, the largest state at the time. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty. 1273 Words6 Pages. The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified that same year. In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washingtonwas unanimously elected president of the United States. United States presidential election of 1789, American presidential election held on Feb. 4, 1789, in which George Washington was unanimously chosen as the first president of the United States by electors from 10 of the 13 extant states. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. Madison was at first a Federalist until he opposed the establishment of Hamilton's First Bank of the United States in 1791. Of the 69 participating electors, each cast one vote for Washington, who was elected president. February 20, 2017. States had varying methods for choosing presidential electors. North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. Two months passed after the election before the votes were counted and Washington was notified that he had been elected president. He took 50 votes against Adams 77. The choice for vice president was more divisive. All 69 electors cast one vote for Washington, making his election unanimous. Although at the time of her death in 1960, Hurston had published more books than any other Black woman in America, she was unable to capture a mainstream audience in her lifetime, and read more, A massive mine explosion leaves nearly 100 dead in Krebs, Oklahoma, on January 7, 1892. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Members of the U.S. Congress, though, cant be electors. READ MORE: Every U.S. Presidential Election Since 1789. Print. State legislatures chose different methods:[19]. But did he have any competition for the presidency? So, Washington and Adams held on to their roles for the second term. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. George Clinton, a vehement champion of states rights. Elected President. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The attack, a response to the magazine's criticism of Islam and depiction of Muhammad, demonstrated the danger of homegrown terror in Europe as well as the read more, On January 7, 1979, Vietnamese troops seize the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge. Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral vote. The other candidates receiving electoral votes were George Clinton who received fifty votes, Thomas Jefferson won four votes, and Aaron Burr won one vote. He worked at Britannica from 2004 to 2018. Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 17761789. The Khmer Rouge, organized by Pol Pot in the Cambodian jungle in the 1960s, advocated a radical Communist revolution that would wipe out read more, You know Dasher and Dancer and Prancer and Vixen because of the 1823 poem A Visit From St. Nicholas (aka Twas the Night Before Christmas), but your knowledge of Rudolphthe most famous reindeer of allcomes courtesy of a department store copywriter named Robert L. May, Mays read more, On January 7, 1999, the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton, formally charged with lying under oath and obstructing justice, begins in the Senate. Collier, Christopher. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote. After winning the Revolutionary War and helping set up the new government for his country at the Constitutional Convention, George Washington'sthoughts turned away from battlefields and assembly halls to a much more modest arena-- his home at his Mount Vernon estate -- and the opportunity of "living and dying a private citizen on my own farm.". Paullin, Charles O. Washington's victory in the election was inevitable, but the real contest in 1792 was for vice president. Reichley, A. James. America's first presidential election is held. Presidential Greatness. But there was never any evidence that it was true. Unanimously elected twice, President George Washington helped shape the office's future role and powers, as well as set both formal and informal precedents for future presidents. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state.". The remainder of the votes were divided among 10 other candidates. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. On April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first president. Spend the day with us! Washingtons position as a commander in the Revolutionary War against Great Britain placed him in high esteem. The two men nearly crashed into the Channel along the way, however, as their balloon was weighed read more. Vote totals for 13 of 76 Virginia counties exist.[9]. Answer (1 of 5): At the founding of the Republic, it was not expected that anyone would run for President. Adams received votes from 77 electors and Clinton 50; the four electors from Kentucky voted for Thomas Jefferson, and one South Carolina elector voted for Aaron Burr. But it's not the first time . In short, we can celebrate that Founding Father George Washington was so highly beloved and respected that every elector cast their first vote for him. But Washington himself did absolutely no public campaigning, and even cast doubt on whether he would take the job if elected. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. On February 13, 1793, a joint session of Congress counted the Electoral College votes from the second presidential election and George Washington was unanimously elected, again. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. The Democratic-Republican Party, which had organized in opposition to the policies of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, supported Clinton for the position of vice president. During a presidential election year, on Election Day (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November), the electors from the party that gets the most popular votes are elected in a winner-take-all-system, with the exception of Maine and Nebraska, which allocate electors proportionally. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? was voting in a mayoral election for the first time since moving to the city four years ago . It was just three years earlier on January 31, 1950, that Truman publicly announced that had directed the Atomic Energy read more. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. (e) Two electors from Maryland did not vote. However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political climatemarked not only by the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France but also by a growing internal dispute between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that often divided along regional linesdemanded a president who could reliably maintain the young countrys stability. A series of electors from each state would cast their votes for the chosen candidates one first-choice pick and one second-choice. [6] Also, Federalists spread rumors that Anti-Federalists plotted to elect Richard Henry Lee or Patrick Henry president, with George Clinton as vice president. According to Article II of the Constitution, each elector in the Electoral College possessed two votes. Historian Edward J. Larsen discusses Washington's first inauguration in this video from Mount Vernon on Vimeo. The book now resides within The Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington. Dahl, Robert A. Your email address will not be published. However, the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists contested the vice-presidency, with incumbent John Adams as the Federalist nominee and George Clinton as the Democratic-Republican nominee. Thomas Jefferson resigned his post as Secretary of State in 1792, while James Madison organized an anti-administration front in the Congress. This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:03. [4] Congress took twenty-eight days to assemble. Washington was essentially unopposed, but Adams faced a competitive re-election against Governor George Clinton of New York. Print. Being from Massachusetts, Adams election provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington, The Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington. Independent. Creating the American Presidency, 1775-1789. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. London, UK: Penguin Books. The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in United States history in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed. The Life of the Parties: A History of American Political Parties. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. Three states eligible to do so declined due to political tensions at the time North Carolina, Rhode Island, and New York. John Adams. The disaster, the worst mining catastrophe in Oklahomas history, was mainly due to the mine owners emphasis on profits over safety. Washington was inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1789, 57 days after the First Congress convened. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. Learn more about George Washington's annotated copy of The Acts of Congress - one of the prized holdings in our Library collection. The Atomic Energy read more in Oklahomas history, was elected president of the electoral College instead by!, New Yorks attorney general, was briefly considered as a commander in first... M. Cunningham graduated from Kalamazoo College in 2000 with a B.A and gained more popularity with the passage of popular... Policies would become the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties nominee, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did vote! State in 1792 was for vice president from a northern state College in 2000 with B.A... 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