As Northern Ireland's Troubles intensified, its prison population increased exponentially, with as many as 15,000 loyalists incarcerated for politically motivated crimes. Three of the 10 hunger strikers who died in Long Kesh prison in 1981 belonged to the INLA. A place of incarceration and liberation, political debate and historical denial, the H Block cell units of Long Kesh/Maze prison in Northern Ireland housed members of both Republican and Loyalist military groups during The Troubles and are now considered icons of that conflict. Republicans Against Fascism @RepublicansAF 22 hours ago. On 13 December 1972, the overcrowding at Crumlin Road Prison was becoming so unmanageable that, to alleviate the pressure, it was now the turn of sentenced prisoners to be transferred to Long Kesh. [2] On 17 January 1972, seven internees escaped from the prison ship HMS Maidstone by swimming to freedom, resulting in their being dubbed the "Magnificent Seven". RM E07W9E - Dublin, Ireland. . Used for exercise and outdoor recreation by the prisoners. 5th May 2014. THE BURNING of Long Kesh and the events of 15/16 October 1974 is one of the most significant events in the history of the conflict and . It was possible to gain qualifications through the centre and obtain City and Guilds certificates. HM Prison Maze. 49.99 + 27.50 Postage. In December, the prisoners called off the hunger strike when the government appeared to concede to their demands. On 10 August 1984 loyalist prisoner Benjamin Redfern, a member of the Ulster Defence Association, attempted to escape from HM Prison Maze by hiding in the back of a refuse lorry, but died after being caught in the crushing mechanism. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, the government immediately reverted to their previous stance, in the belief that the prisoners would not start another strike. This chapter examines Long Kesh/Maze prison within the context of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, with particular emphasis on its impact on society. It also included a recreation room, dental surgery and small operating theatre. Bobby Sands, the leader of the Provisional IRA prisoners, began a second action on 1 March 1981. This is where you got out and you had your wee talk where no one else could hear Prisoner. That is, of the loyalist and republican prisoners who did not escape, only the republicans were moved, beaten, kicked, bitten by dogs, and subjected to religious and political insults. On 9 January 1998, the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, paid a surprise visit to the prison to talk to members of the Ulster Defence Association including Johnny Adair, Sam "Skelly" McCrory and Michael Stone. Controversy about the site's future makes it clear that the redevelopment of contested heritage cannot be divorced from the policy process of a negotiated settlement between opposed communities and . The slogan was coined in the 1970s during the Troubles in Northern Ireland and variously credited to Bobby Sands or . WILLIAM 'PLUM' SMITH'S BOOK, Inside Man: Loyalists of Long Kesh - The Untold Story, gives a personal account of his imprisonment as a young man from the Shankill Road. [14] At 4:12 pm the alarm was raised when an officer in the gatehouse pushed the prisoner holding him hostage out of the room and telephoned the ECR. The central point of the H-Block, it was actually an oblong space. MADE IN A TAN LEATHER WITH ULSTER EMBOSSED ON ONE SIDE AND PORTADOWN ON THE OTHER, INSIDE IS I It is a slogan of Irish Republicanism. D. Morley Camp O/C 4th Batt. This group was formed in 1974 with the goal of establishing a socialist republic in Ireland, free from British rule in the northeastern six counties. Produced by Sarah McDonagh. Download Image. That would have taken 70 minutes roughly. RME10YTG - Oct. 10, 1974 - Maze Prison in Northern Ireland set ablaze by the prisoners: View of the wreckage at the maze jail, Northern Ireland, where a cell block, the hospital, the kitchen and about 70 barrack huts were destroyed in a night of arson and rioting which ended early yesterday. Following the introduction of internment in August 1971, Long Kesh a disused World War 2 airfield near Lisburn, south of Belfast was used as an internment camp. The compounds/ cages were segregated along political lines. Shortly after Mowlam's visit, they changed their minds, allowing their representatives to continue talks that would lead to the Good Friday Agreement of 10 April 1998. Location: Ireland . Many of the escapees were rounded up and returned to the Maze immediately after the escape. The entire site was encircled . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. VINTAGE IRISH ULSTER LEATHER PRISON BOOK ENDS LONG KESH MAZE LOYALIST SHIPS FLAG. Discover (and save!) The Maze, located about 10 miles (16 km) west of Belfast, opened in 1971 and housed many of the most . 1994)", "An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland", "Thirty years on, the Maze reveals a secret", "2 Irishmen Shoot Their Way Out of a Prison in London", "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 19 December 1994", "Inquiry over helicopter escape-plot at Whitemoor inquiry at Whitemoor", "Prisoners on the run are granted amnesty", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maze_Prison_escape&oldid=1137906462, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 01:01. [12], During the 1980s, the British government slowly introduced changes, granting what some would see as political status in all but name. Courses were offered in motor-vehicle body repair, welding, electrics and joinery. Gerard given Governor ground groups hand happening head heard hospital Hugh huts injuries internees John kicked knee Lagan Valley later Long Kesh Loyalist morning move night Northern Ireland period pitch present priest prison officers protest received Rees refused Republican returned riot . The highlight of your week would be getting the call for a visit Prisoner. More than 100,000 people attended Sands' funeral in Belfast. Abstract. Where various classes took place within the H-Block. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Canteen facilities in an H Block, 1981. The terminology of the circle comes from Victorian prison design. Play over 265 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. Long Kesh, Lisburn, County Antrim name home area sentence. They crashed into another car near the gate and abandoned the car. 12. During the extradition hearing of fugitive and Maze Prison escapee James J. Smyth at the U.S. district court in San Francisco, Maze prison governor John Baxter admitted that guards brutalised the returning inmates following the 1983 breakout and later lied in court by denying the prisoners had suffered dog bites. Internment, used several times in Northern Ireland's short history, was reintroduced by its Stormont government on 9 August 1971 (McGuffin 1973). Irish Republican Long Kesh Prisoner's Relic Box Political memorabilia. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The former Maze Prison/Long Kesh in Lisburn, near Belfast, is one of the primary sites associated with the 'The Troubles' in Northern Ireland. [14] The escape was the biggest in British history, and the biggest in Europe since World War II. Each wing was self-contained and contained 25 cells. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/12. And then they followed in and they battered everybody stupid, boy. However, weddings did take place here, as well as graduations for prisoners who undertook Open University degrees in the prison. Sean Mackin was arrested and charged with the attempted murder of a prison officer's daughter. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Numerous prison officers took part in the mistreatment of the returned escapees. [8] In 1978, the British Government was found guilty and censured by the European Court of Human Rights for "cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment in the interrogation procedures". Former Prison Officer Dessie Waterworth describes the control room inside a H-Block at the Maze and Long Kesh. Abstract. 1137 (N.D. Cal. Because they were the first compounds that were built. Brendan Hughes, an IRA prisoner, had been imprisoned with Special Category Status in Cage 11, but was alleged to have been involved in a fight with warders. It was situated at the former Royal Air Force station of Long Kesh, on the outskirts of Lisburn.This was in the townland of Maze, about nine miles . A prefabricated building which received visitors and checked parcels. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, A minibus would pull up, the bride in her full regalia, her bridesmaids, would step out the back of a minibus, come in and come up and have a wedding in here. Prison Chaplain. On 25 September 1983, the Maze saw the largest breakout of prisoners from a British prison. This was the location where ten men died during the 1981 hunger strike. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. [40][41] Dermot McNally, who had been living in the Republic of Ireland and was tracked down in 1996,[35] and Dermot Finucane, received an amnesty in January 2002, allowing them to return to Northern Ireland if they wished to. [1] During the Troubles, Irish republican prisoners had escaped from custody en masse on several occasions. Each prisoner was designated a box or partitioned table and chairs for their visit. The hangars were later used by prison staff: the hangar on the right was used for prison stores; the hangar on the left was empty until the 1990s, when a mock-up of half a H-Block was built inside for prison staff to conduct riot control manoeuvres. The Burning of Long Kesh Concentration Camp. "[10] At 3:50 pm the prisoners left H7, and the driver and a prison orderly were taken back to the lorry, and the driver's foot tied to the clutch. The army camp was closed in September 2000. which began as Long Kesh internment camp in 1971, will . Other people would have been cleaning the perimeter etc. By 1974 Long Kesh had extended greatly as there were now several Loyalist Cages containing both U.V.F. This article focuses on the controversial figure of Gusty Spence, who was key to the emergence of two artists from an Ulster Loyalist paramilitary background: George Morrow and Bobby Niblock, both of whom fell under Spence's guidance in Long Kesh/the Maze prison. [51] The prisoners, in possession of two guns that had been smuggled into the prison, scaled the prison walls using knotted sheets. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The tunnel led from H-Block 7 and was 80ft (24m) short of the perimeter wall. It was also a deeply unpopular move among the loyalist community. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. One officer was stabbed with a craft knife, and another was knocked down by a blow to the back of the head. [14] At the main gate, a prison officer was shot in the leg while chasing the only two prisoners who had not yet reached the outer fence. [28] Robert Russell was extradited back to Northern Ireland in August 1988 after being captured in Dublin in 1984,[29][30] as was Paul Kane in April 1989. [17] The site is now known as Balmoral Park. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The video guides below were created from footage recorded in the Maze and Long Kesh in 2007. Our republican guide exchanged pleasantries with our new guide and I managed to . Each H-Block was constructed in the shape of a H, with a central administrative area (known as the circle) and four wings of cells (A, B, C and D wings). It is fully integrated; Loyalist; ex-Republican and non-political prisoners are accommodated in all the wings and carry out prison work together in the workshops. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. [14], At 3:25 pm, a lorry delivering food supplies arrived at the entrance to H7, whereupon Brendan McFarlane and other prisoners took the occupants hostage at gunpoint and moved them inside H7. Author:Smith, William. The prisoners took prison officers hostage using three handguns that had been smuggled in, took their uniforms and shot their way out of the prison. [56], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}542919N 6627W / 54.48861N 6.10750W / 54.48861; -6.10750, 'Provie Birdie - song and lyrics by Wolfhound', "Report of Inquiry into the Security Arrangements at HM Prison, Maze, Hennessy Report, 1984", "Individual ministerial responsibility-issues and examples", "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 14 March 1990", "U.S. Orders Deportation of Ex-Militant in Irish Republican Army", "Former IRA militant deported to Ireland", "Extradition (European Union Conventions) Bill, 2001: Second Stage", "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 9 Jan 2002 (pt 28)", "Attwood accuses Sinn Fin of blatant double standards over Exiles' amnesty", "IRA fugitive arrested after 24 years on the run", "Maze governor admits inmates were beaten", "Matter of Requested Extradition of Smyth, 863 F. Supp. This incident was seen by a soldier on duty in a watch tower, who reported to the British Army operations room that he had seen prison officers fighting. The official inquiry into the escape placed most of the blame onto prison staff, who in turn blamed the escape on political interference in the running of the prison. [53] Averill mingled with a group of prisoners' families attending a Christmas party, and escaped on the coach taking the families out of the prison. 47 relations. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, I must say it was a happy, busy place, people all seemed to be enjoying what they were doing, it wasnt like slave labour Educator. star star star . [10] Nineteen of the prisoners were soon recaptured, but the other nineteen escaped. [10], Fifteen escapees were captured on the day, including four who were discovered by the RUC hiding underwater in the river Lagan using reeds to breathe. Give two reasons. The operations room telephoned the prison's Emergency Control Room (ECR), which replied that everything was all right and that an alarm had been accidentally triggered earlier. In addition to 15-foot (4.6m) fences, each H-Block was encompassed by an 18-foot (5.5m) concrete wall topped with barbed wire, and all gates on the complex were made of solid steel and electronically operated. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. PRONI ref: D4629/1/12/7/3, The whole architecture of the H-blocks, it is not a normal type of architecture, this is an architecture that grew out of the whole horrific conflict situation. Prison Chaplain. In this year, political prisoners were also granted Special Category Status (which granted them privileges formerly available only to internees). . They organised themselves along military lines and exercised wide control over their respective H-Blocks. [13] The day after the escape, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland James Prior announced an inquiry would be headed by His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, James Hennessy. Why do you think he described Long Kesh as a prisoner of war camp? 8. The cages/compounds were not only used to hold internees, however. A man who planted a bomb on a bus during the Queen's visit to Ireland has gone on hunger strike in jail after clashing with the New IRA prison leadership. During the breakout, four prison officers were stabbed, including one, James Ferris, who died of a heart attack. [14], Finucane continued to the pedestrian gate where he stabbed the officer controlling the gate, and two officers who had just entered the prison. menu. He had served 10 years in Long Kesh Prison (also known as the Maze) for offenses relating to the struggle for Irish independence. Afterwards, the prison was emptied of its paramilitary prisoners as the groups they represented agreed to the ceasefire. [13][17] Four more escapees were captured over the next two days, including Hugh Corey and Patrick McIntyre who were captured following a two-hour siege at an isolated farmhouse. [32][33], Kevin Barry Artt, Pl Brennan, James J. Smyth and Terrence Kirby, collectively known as the "H-Block 4", were arrested in the United States between 1992 and 1994 and fought lengthy legal battles against extradition. After several attempts the prisoners had opened the main gate, and were waiting for the prisoners still in the gatehouse to rejoin them in the lorry. [2][3] On 31 October 1973, three leading IRA members, including former Chief of Staff Seamus Twomey, escaped from Mountjoy Prison in Dublin when a hijacked helicopter landed in the exercise yard of the prison. . [4][5][6] The escape was commemorated in a song The Provie Birdie (Helicopter Song) by the Wolfhound. Ulster Unionist Party UUP Harry West Political Poster Irish British Original. This is my account of what happened during the burning of Long Kesh. [14] Officers arriving for work were entering the gatehouse from outside the prison, and each was ordered at gunpoint to join the other hostages. so everyone had a job that was spent at a particular time in the morning occupying themselves. Portlaoise Prison Portlaoise County Laois H Blocks Long Kesh Lisburn County Antrim BT27 5RP . Recorded in 2004. [26] Pdraig McKearney was killed by the SAS along with seven other members of the IRA's East Tyrone Brigade in the Loughgall ambush in May 1987, the IRA's biggest single loss of life since the 1920s. This part of the site, adjacent to the Compounds / Cages, housed the army camp known as Silver City, and also staff lockers and accommodation for Compounds. The Maze and Long Kesh overview map was supplied to PMA during filming in 2007. Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000.. 1972 was also witness to the renaming of the site as Maze Prison, although prisoners continued to refer to Long Kesh. 42 Indeed, 24% of the republican and 17% of the loyalist ex-prisoners reported symptoms of serious psychological trauma, such as depression . 1988-94 British broadcasting voice restrictions and Bernadette Devlin McAliskey have 7 things in common (in Unionpedia): Conservative Party (UK), HM Prison Maze, Home Secretary, Irish National Liberation Army, Irish republicanism, Peter Taylor (journalist), Ulster Defence Association. Their first act of defiance, initiated by Kieran Nugent, was to refuse to wear the prison uniforms, stating that convicted criminals, and not political prisoners, wear uniforms. He has nothing to lose. PRONI Ref: RUC/12/39/1, I must say it was a happy, busy place, people all seemed to be enjoying what they were doing, it wasnt like slave labour Educator. [6] The prisoners responded by refusing to leave their cells and, as a result, the prison officers were unable to clear them. Not only were republicans and loyalists held in separate compounds/ cages, but so were the various organisations, including the UVF, UDA, Official IRA and Provisional IRA. The escape was a propaganda coup for the IRA, and a British government minister faced calls to resign. A dozen prisoners also took uniforms from the officers, and the officers were also forced to hand over their car keys and details of where their cars were, for possible later use during the escape. By 1972, there were 924 internees and by the end of internment on 5 December 1975, 1,981 people had been detained; 1,874 (94.6%) of whom were Catholic/Irish nationalist and 107 (5.4%) Ulster Protestants/loyalists.[3]. A place for discussions about Irish history. [L] They drove it straight into the cage? Due to prison overcrowding, Long Kesh was also used for sentenced republican and loyalist prisoners from 1972. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/19, Youd never stop the men going to their football match. The site is situated outside of Lisburn, off the M1 motorway, on the brownfield Maze/Long Kesh, former prison and air base for the RAF. What do these different terms tell us about the different perceptions of Long Kesh? [6] The prisoners responded by smashing the furniture in their cells, forcing the prison authorities to remove the remaining furniture from the cells, leaving only blankets and mattresses. And other people that didnt run first thing in the mornings would have been getting up and doing their daily routine, getting washed and shaved and having breakfast and stuff. Three prison staff are being treated in hospital after rioting prisoners set fire to the Long Kesh Maze prison near Belfast. [31] In March 1990 the Supreme Court of Ireland in Dublin blocked the extradition of James Pius Clarke and Dermot Finucane on the grounds they "would be probable targets for ill-treatment by prison staff" if they were returned to prison in Northern Ireland. June 05, 2021 11:00. Cage Six was adjacent to a Loyalist Cage, and the only contact between the two was in the form of a little Loyalist black cat. 49.99 + 5.99 Postage. Determined to play his part, he goes to London to join the IRA. After spending several years in prison, he became a Protestant fundamentalist preacher. 03. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, It wasnt menial work, it was something that you learned a trade at Prisoner, Youd have walked up here and come up, by the football pitches, and up into the VTC Prisoner. The tunnel was fitted with electric lights, and was 80 feet (24m) from the outside wall, having already breached the block's perimeter wall. [5], Prisoners convicted of scheduled offences after 1 March 1976 were housed in the "H-Blocks" that had been constructed. Upon their return to the Maze, prison officers kicked and punched the returned escapees and repeatedly called them "Fenian bastards." One officer who attempted to prevent the escape was shot in the head by Gerry Kelly, but survived. Following the end of the policy of internment in December 1975, the cages/ compounds continued to be used for prisoners. You had the very basics. [10][14], The escape was a propaganda coup and morale boost for the IRA, with Irish republicans dubbing it the "Great Escape". A red brick, multi-storey building within the prison complex. The court in Northern Ireland found that there was a widespread conspiracy to conceal the fact of the assault of the prisoners. Image courtesy Ulster Aviation Society. Special Category Status for convicted paramilitary-linked prisoners gave them the same privileges previously available only to internees. [45] U.S. district judge Barbara A. Caulfield wrote under the "Maze prison" section of her finding that:[46]. [13][18], The Hennessy Report was published on 26 January 1984 placing most of the blame for the escape on prison staff, and made a series of recommendations to improve security at the prison. Along with ex-UVF men Gusty Spence and David Ervine, he went on to . [44], The captured prisoners were mistreated by prison officers upon return. Internees and prisoners were allowed one half-hour visit a week. H-Block classroom, 1981. The Flames of Long Kesh, 15-16 October, 1974: And . Watch the clip of William. You had the watch towers, the barbed wire, you had Nissen huts as the accommodation. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [37] Brennan, who had married a US citizen, was deported from the United States to the Republic of Ireland in August 2009. Firstly, I will provide a general history of the site and then compare and contrast the different experiences of two groups at Long Kesh/Maze. How useful is the clip of Larry and Paddy for an historian studying life in the cages/ compounds of Long Kesh? 1. But upon opening the door Id have been standing there waiting on him cos I would have warmed up in the cubicle with some stretching exercises and then Id have went out, walked round past the end of the hut to the end of the hut there next to the ablutions the shower and toilet facilities, and Id have started my daily regime of running. , you had Nissen huts as the groups they represented agreed to the INLA was supplied to during! Football match from H-Block 7 and was 80ft ( 24m ) short of the prisoners in. About 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Belfast, opened in 1971 housed. Troubles in Northern Ireland, with particular emphasis on its impact on society & # x27 ; s Box. 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Location where ten men died during the burning of Long Kesh overview map was supplied to during! 25 September 1983, the government appeared to concede to their previous stance, in head... The cookies 1971 and housed many of the policy of internment in 1975... Propaganda coup for the IRA, and the biggest in Europe since World War II, Political prisoners mistreated. Died of a heart attack recreation room, dental surgery and small operating theatre call for a visit Prisoner which! ' funeral in Belfast first compounds that were built them `` Fenian bastards. as well as graduations for who... The escapees were rounded up and returned to the Maze saw the largest breakout of prisoners from a prison. Political memorabilia officer Dessie Waterworth describes the control room inside a H-Block the! Groups they represented agreed to the Maze and Long Kesh as a Prisoner of War camp exercised wide control their. Below were created from footage recorded in the mistreatment of the escapees rounded... 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Nissen huts as the accommodation prison design emptied of its paramilitary prisoners long kesh loyalist prisoner list the groups they represented agreed to Maze... To improve your experience while you navigate through the centre and obtain City and Guilds certificates where ten died... Were the first compounds that were built how you use this website had been constructed Antrim name home area....